FiveFeet

To see what version of the Raspberry Pi, all you need to do is run this command:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

or

cat /proc/cmdline | awk -v RS=" " -F= '/boardrev/ { print $2 }'

I have the original Model B.

Processor       : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)
BogoMIPS        : 697.95
Features        : swp half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xb76
CPU revision    : 7
Hardware        : BCM2708
Revision        : 0002
Serial          : 00000000a1b6318c

If you see, Revision is 0002. Look at the list below to see what you have.

processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)
BogoMIPS        : 2.00
Features        : swp half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xb76
CPU revision    : 7
Hardware        : BCM2708
Revision        : 000e
Serial          : 00000000bdce1c0a

And now a B2

I now have a 3B+

processor	: 0
model name	: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS	: 38.40
Features	: half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd03
CPU revision	: 4
processor	: 1
model name	: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS	: 38.40
Features	: half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd03
CPU revision	: 4
processor	: 2
model name	: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS	: 38.40
Features	: half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd03
CPU revision	: 4
processor	: 3
model name	: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS	: 38.40
Features	: half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 
CPU implementer	: 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant	: 0x0
CPU part	: 0xd03
CPU revision	: 4
Hardware	: BCM2835
Revision	: a020d3
Serial		: 00000000219056ac
Rev. No. Model Capabilities
0x2 B1 Original Model B, 256MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, (P2) JTAG pins, no mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO0, Pin5=GPIO1, Pin13=GPIO21, I2C-0
0x3 B1+ Original Model B with no polyfuses, 256MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, no mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO0, Pin5=GPIO1, Pin13=GPIO21, I2C-0
0x4 B2 Model B, 256MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, 12C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0x5 B2 Model B, 256MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, 12C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0x6 B2 Model B, 256MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, 12C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0x7 A Model A, 256MB RAM, no Ethernet, one USB socket, two LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, I2C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0x8 A Model A, 256MB RAM, no Ethernet, one USB socket, two LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, I2C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0x9 A Model A, 256MB RAM, no Ethernet, one USB socket, two LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, I2C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0xd B2 Rev2 Model B, 512MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, 12C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0xe B2 Rev2 Model B, 512MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, 12C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)
0xf B2 Rev2 Model B, 512MB RAM, Ethernet, two USB sockets, five LEDs, mounting holes, Pin3=GPIO1, Pin5=GPIO2, Pin13=GPIO27, 12C-1, 8 extra IO pads (P5)

Source

Updated List
Update from Raspberry Pi